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GeoXO Spacecraft & Instruments

Three satellites are seen in space hovering over the top half of a full disk satellite image of the Western Hemisphere. The GEO West satellite is on the left and is noted to carry a visible/infrared imager, lightning mapper, and ocean color instrument. The GEO East satellite on the right carries the same instruments. The GEO Central satellite in between East and West is noted to carry a hyperspectral infrared sounder, atmospheric composition instrument, and a possible partner payload.

NOAA evaluated a range of space architecture options for delivering the recommended GeoXO observations effectively and efficiently. NOAA is planning a three-satellite GeoXO operational constellation. Spacecraft in GEO-East and GEO-West positions will carry an imager, lightning mapper, and ocean color instrument, and a centrally-located spacecraft will carry a sounder and atmospheric composition instrument. This constellation can also accommodate a partner payload on the spacecraft flying in the central location.

GeoXO Spacecraft Status

On June 18, 2024, NASA selected Lockheed Martin to develop NOAA’s GeoXO spacecraft. The contract includes the development of three spacecraft as well as four options for additional spacecraft. The contract scope includes the tasks necessary to design, analyze, develop, fabricate, integrate, test, evaluate, and support launch of the GeoXO satellites; provide engineering development units; supply and maintain the ground support equipment and simulators; and support mission operations at the NOAA Satellite Operations Facility in Suitland, Maryland.

GeoXO Instruments

NOAA has recommended a suite of instruments to meet the observational needs of NOAA’s environmental monitoring mission and the satellite data user community. NASA has awarded contracts for Phase A studies of each instrument as part of GeoXO formulation activities. These definition-phase study and development contracts will help design the instrument concepts, mature necessary technologies, and help define potential performance, risks, costs, and development schedule. The results of the studies will be used to set performance requirements for instrument implementation contracts.

The GeoXO instrument array is subject to final program approval. 

Image at NESDIS
Lightning detection to analyze severe storms, predict the intensity of hurricanes, respond to wildfires, estimate precipitation, and mitigate aviation hazards.
Lightning Detection & Mapping
Image at NESDIS
Real-time information about the vertical distribution of atmospheric moisture, winds and temperature for better numerical weather prediction and forecasts for short-term severe weather.
Atmospheric Sounding
Image at NESDIS
Measurements of the biology, chemistry, and ecology of the ocean to better monitor fisheries and protected species populations, track ocean pollution, and analyze ecosystem change, coastal and inland water quality, and hazards like harmful algal blooms.
Examining the Ocean
Image at NESDIS
Observations of air pollutants to improve air quality monitoring and mitigate health impacts from severe pollution and smoke events.
Air Quality Monitoring
Image at NESDIS
Real-time, high-resolution visible and infrared imagery for monitoring Earth’s weather, oceans, and environment.
Visible & Infrared Imagery

Industry Collaboration

NOAA and NASA will work with industry partners to develop the instruments and spacecraft that will deliver the recommended observations. 

The information on this page is subject to change as the GeoXO program develops.