Geostationary Satellites

NOAA's GOES-R Series

GOES-R Series Mission

GOES satellites orbit 22,236 miles above Earth’s equator, at speeds equal to the Earth's rotation. This allows them to maintain their positions over specific geographic regions so they can provide continuous coverage of that area over time.

The GOES-R series of satellites, designated with a letter during development and renamed with a number after reaching geostationary orbit, have transformed NOAA’s geostationary weather monitoring capabilities. 

GOES-R (now GOES-16) launched in 2016 and operates as NOAA’s GOES East satellite. GOES-S (now GOES-17), launched in 2018 and serves as an on-orbit backup. GOES-T (now GOES-18) launched in 2022 and is NOAA’s operational GOES West satellite. The final satellite in the series, GOES-U (GOES-19), was launched on June 25, 2024, and is slated to replace GOES-16 in the GOES East position by spring 2025.

Together, GOES East and GOES West watch over more than half the globe — from the west coast of Africa to New Zealand and from near the Arctic Circle to the Antarctic Circle. 

The GOES-R Program is a collaborative effort between NOAA and NASA. NASA builds and launches the satellites for NOAA, which operates them and distributes their data to users worldwide.

Monitoring Weather on Earth and in Space

The GOES-R Series imager scans the Earth five times faster with four times the resolution and three times the number of channels than previous GOES for more accurate and reliable forecasts and severe weather warnings. The imager provides images of weather patterns, hurricanes and severe storms as frequently as every 30 seconds.

GOES-R Series satellites carry the first operational lightning mapper flown in geostationary orbit, which measures both in-cloud and cloud-to-ground lightning. Developing severe storms often exhibit a significant increase in total lightning activity, and data from the GOES-R Series lightning mapper, has great potential to increase lead time for severe thunderstorm and tornado warnings.

The GOES-R Series also hosts a suite of instruments that improve detection of approaching space weather hazards such as disruption of power utilities and communication and navigation systems and radiation damage to orbiting satellites. The instruments provide advanced imaging of the sun and detection of solar eruptions as well as more accurate monitoring of energetic particles and magnetic field variations associated with space weather.

Benefits

The GOES-R Series provides critical atmospheric, hydrologic, oceanic, climatic, solar and space data, significantly improving detection and observation of environmental phenomena that directly affect public safety, protection of property, and our nation’s economic health and prosperity:

• Improved hurricane track and intensity forecasts
• Increased thunderstorm and tornado warning lead time
• Earlier warning of lightning ground strike hazards
• Better detection of heavy rainfall and flash flood risks
• Better monitoring of smoke and dust
• Improved air quality warnings and alerts
• Better fire detection and intensity estimation
• Improved detection of low clouds and fog
• Improved transportation safety and aviation route planning
• Improved warning for communications and navigation disruptions and power blackouts
• More accurate monitoring of energetic particles responsible for radiation hazards

Other Resources

Schedules, Transitions, and Operations

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